Skip to main content

ArthaChain Blockchain Architecture

Introduction​

ArthaChain is a high-performance blockchain platform designed for scalability, security, and sustainability. The architecture combines advanced consensus mechanisms, AI-powered optimizations, and cross-shard transaction capabilities to provide a robust foundation for decentralized applications.

Core Components​

The blockchain architecture consists of the following core components:

1. Consensus Module​

  • SVCP (Social Verified Consensus Protocol): Selects block proposers based on social metrics and contribution (compute, network, storage, engagement, AI trust)
  • SVBFT (Social Verified Byzantine Fault Tolerance): Fast finality based on the HotStuff BFT protocol, optimized for mobile and sharded chains
  • Cross-Shard Coordination: Enables transactions across different shards
  • Adaptive Consensus: Adjusts parameters based on network conditions
  • Reputation System: Tracks validator reliability and performance

2. AI Engine​

  • Fraud Detection: ML models to identify suspicious transaction patterns
  • Performance Monitoring: Adaptive monitoring of system performance
  • Data Chunking: Intelligent data partitioning for optimal storage
  • Security Analysis: Automated vulnerability detection
  • Device Health Monitoring: Predicts potential node failures before they occur

3. Network Layer​

  • Custom UDP Protocol: Binary serialization with minimal overhead for blockchain communication
  • P2P Networking: Decentralized node discovery and message propagation
  • NAT Traversal: Enables nodes behind firewalls to participate
  • DoS Protection: Prevents denial-of-service attacks
  • Adaptive Gossip Protocol: Optimizes message propagation based on network conditions

4. Storage System​

  • RocksDB Storage: Persistent key-value storage for blockchain data
  • SVDB Storage: Specialized Vector Database for AI model data
  • Hybrid Storage: Combines in-memory and disk-based storage for performance
  • Memory-Mapped Storage: Fast access to frequently used data
  • Adaptive Compression: Switching between LZ4, Zstd, and Brotli based on data characteristics

5. Smart Contract Execution​

  • EVM Compatibility: Supports Ethereum Virtual Machine contracts
  • WASM Runtime: WebAssembly smart contract execution
  • Parallel Execution: Multi-threaded transaction processing
  • SIMD-Optimized Execution: Utilizes CPU vector instructions for performance

6. API and Services​

  • REST API: External interface for applications
  • WebSocket Support: Real-time updates and notifications
  • Metrics Collection: Performance and health monitoring
  • GraphQL API: Flexible data querying interface

Data Flow​

  1. Transaction Submission: Transactions are submitted via the API
  2. Mempool Management: Pending transactions are validated and stored
  3. Block Creation: Validators propose blocks containing transactions
  4. Consensus: The network reaches agreement on the next block
  5. Execution: Transactions are executed in parallel when possible
  6. State Update: The blockchain state is updated
  7. Finalization: Blocks are finalized and added to the chain

Objective Sharding Architecture​

The Objective Sharding system enables atomic operations across different shards:

  1. Dynamic Sharding: TPS that increases with active miners
  2. Auto Shard Resizing: Shards resize as miners join/leave
  3. Transaction Routing: Determines which shard(s) are involved
  4. Coordinator Selection: A coordinator shard is selected
  5. Preparation Phase: Resources are locked across shards
  6. Execution Phase: The transaction is executed on all relevant shards
  7. Commitment Phase: Results are committed or rolled back atomically

Security Features​

  • Byzantine Fault Tolerance: Resilient against malicious nodes
  • Cryptographic Verification: Secure transaction and block validation
  • AI-Powered Fraud Detection: Identifies suspicious patterns
  • Formal Verification: Critical components are formally verified
  • Quantum-Resistant Cryptography: Protection against quantum computing attacks

Performance Optimizations​

ArthaChain implements cutting-edge optimizations to achieve up to 500,000 TPS:

  1. Massive Sharding Architecture

    • Scaled from 4 to 128 shards with optimized cross-shard communication
    • Intelligent transaction routing to minimize cross-shard overhead
    • Custom resource monitoring and dynamic load balancing

  2. SIMD-Optimized Execution Engine

    • Parallel transaction execution using CPU SIMD instructions
    • Work-stealing algorithm for optimal multi-core utilization
    • Batch processing with optimized memory access patterns

  3. Memory-Mapped Storage with Adaptive Compression

    • Custom memory-mapped database for microsecond storage access
    • Adaptive compression switching between LZ4, Zstd, and Brotli
    • Inline storage for small values with zero-copy access

  4. Batched Zero-Knowledge Proofs System

    • Parallel ZKP validation for transaction batches
    • Optimized cryptographic primitives for ARM and x86
    • Incremental verification for cross-shard transactions

  5. Custom UDP Network Protocol

    • Binary serialization with minimal overhead
    • Reliable UDP with congestion control and selective acknowledgment
    • Message fragmentation and reassembly for large payloads

  6. Quantum-Resistant Performance Optimizations

    • Adaptive gossip protocol with peer count monitoring
    • Enhanced mempool with TTL, prioritization, and efficient transaction management
    • Quantum-resistant Merkle proof generator and verifier for light clients
    • Advanced caching strategies for frequently accessed state

Refer to Component Documentation​

For detailed documentation on specific components, please refer to: